![]() Generally, it is believed that clinical researchers often make mistakes when they undertake their own data analysis by not enlisting a statistician before and after undertaking a study. This is because primary software programs are deficient in performing additional analyses, such as meta-regressions and network plotting. Available from ) and Cochrane RevMan calculators ( ), one should be aware of user-friendly auxiliary software to progress in meta-analysis. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., 2017. Available from ), STATA (StataCorp., 2015. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Austria. Apart from primary statistical software programs, such as SAS (Copyright © SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, USA), R (R Core Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. The challenge arises when multiple analyses are required, and the researcher needs to choose the correct software program. However, detailed information on additional auxiliary software use is inadequate. In the published literature of high-impact-factor anesthesia journals, we observed that RevMan 5 (Review Manager, ,Version 5.4, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020) is the most frequently used primary meta-analytical software package. Hence, researchers need additional knowledge regarding software programs used to perform meta-analysis. Understanding how to conduct a meta-analysis helps clinicians in making clinical decisions. In the final step, clicking the 'Perform calculation' button is essential to obtain the TSA graph subsequent selection of Graph tab will display the necessary graph with the required sample size displayed at the right upper corner. At all levels, the alpha and beta spending functions of O'Brien-Fleming are opted. The model is ready to estimate the sample size when the Add button displayed at the bottom of window is clicked. In the Information axis section, click on sample size, and in the Required Information Size section, the buttons for estimate, empirical, and Model variance based options are essential selections. The more important alpha-spending boundaries are selected for sample size information, and additional steps are necessary. When the conventional test boundary is selected, the dialog box opens for the boundary name to be entered (author's choice) along with the chosen alpha-error. The TSA tab should be used to add and edit the information of conventional and alpha-spending boundaries. After the effect measure and model are entered, the Trial tab is used to edit the risk of bias of the included studies. TSA files can be imported directly to begin the analysis. ![]() ![]() This can be achieved by using the Review Manager of RM5 converter in the menu bar of TSA. CSV files from RevMan must be converted to. Supplemental Video 1D Software tutorial for performing trial sequential analysis using TSA.
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